Communal Apartment: Virtual Museum

The history of communal apartment in Leningrad

1.Spetsifika Soviet communal apartment

The first difficulty that arises when trying to reconstruct the history of communal flats is that you can write several stories differ depending on the definition of "communal apartments." The simplest definition used in everyday life and recorded in the dictionary Russian language - "flat, in which several families live." The current legal definition is: "Communal flat - flat, located at the home of public housing or St. Petersburg municipal housing stock, ... in which lives a few employers." This definition provides a communal apartment in the law "On Granting freed accommodation in communal apartments in St. Petersburg", adopted by the Legislative Assembly of Saint Petersburg on February 12, 1997. Two common characteristics of communal apartments, following from this definition - State ownership flats or cohabitation in the city and its several tenants.

Taking over the main feature of the communal apartment cohabitation several families, as in the definition of a Ozhegova, then this type of housing existed long before 1917 the majority of the urban population was forced to exist in an environment where several families lived in one room. Such homes or provided by employers, or rented rooms from kvartirohozyaev or owners of tenement houses. In this sense, cohabitation is not the specifics of Soviet society, and our communal could be equated to the existing, for example, in Germany Wohngemeinschaft, where a few families or single people agree to withdraw a large apartment together. What is specific to the Soviet communal apartment - is public ownership of housing, which inhabits the public authorities under the standards of living space, the situation on the rights, regardless of marital status and configuration of apartment tenants. A potential consequence of this forced cohabitation is not related family relationships of people belonging to different social strata. Pre-revolutionary housing for workers possess a sign of forced settlement, but belonged to one owner and consolidated in one apartment of a class of people. Western housing community built on the basis of voluntariness and involve private ownership of real estate. Therefore, in order to complete the definition of "communal flats" yet it should be noted characteristics such as settling an apartment on warrants issued by local authorities and monitor the contents of the apartment and house by these bodies through their representatives.

Since the Soviet state (party) ideology has a significant impact on all spheres of the economy, including the housing, it would be impossible to deal with the housing situation outside the general government policy, housing projects, nominated by the party, state relationship to certain models of home Proposed by architects. The Soviet housing policy has focused more on the creation of future home, ideal for the citizens of a future communist society, divorced from the real situation in the country, which often led to a gap between the declared policy and its practical implementation. Therefore, in the history of Soviet and housing are two levels: first - projects, declarations, statements, program; second - the housing situation, which was the result of adapting these strategies to real possibilities of the economy and the needs of people.

-traducido de Communal Apartment: Virtual Museum

En estos links del museo pueden conseguir más información sobre la vivienda, es cuestión de traducirla:

Ideology and housing policy in 20-30 - x years
Proekty power 30 - ies: a hierarchy of spaces and individual flats
The emergence of communal
"Hozyayskie" and communal homes
Ogosudarstvlenie housing
"Each family - a separate apartment"
Novy housing project
"Scientific justification"
"Country of mass new apartments"
Communal apartments 90's: Rynok real estate
Problematic projects and their solutions